[In-Vitro evaluation of the effect of sage on shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel]

There is a reduction in bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sage [Salvia officinalis] on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel In this in vitro study, 60 labial surfaces of maxillary incisors were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: G1: bleaching; G2: bleaching and application of sodium ascorbate-containing solution; G3: bleaching and application of Salvia officinalis-containing solution; G4: control [no bleaching]. A composite resin [Z100; 3M ESPE, Dental products, St Paul, MN, USA] cylinder was bonded on each specimen after acid etching and application of a fifth generation bonding agent [Single Bond; 3M ESPE, Dental products, St Paul, MN, USA]. After thermocycling, the shear bond strengths of the samples were measured in MPa. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test [alpha=0.05] Minimum and maximum mean values of shear bond strengths were observed in G1 [12.31 +/- 2.44] and G3 [25. 04 +/- 3.52], respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in bond strength between the bleached and non-bleached groups after the antioxidant treatment [P>0.05]. There is a considerable decrease in bond strength of composite resin to enamel immediately after bleaching. Application of sodium ascorbate and Salvia officinalis solution can increase the bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel

Study of allergenicity of petal and stamen in middle-aged ontogenical stage of cytisus scoparius L. in guinea pig

Background: Cytisus scoparius is an ornamental and highly aromatic plant. The petals and stamens in aromatic plants are important allergenic agents. The aim of this study is examination study of allergenicity of petal and stamen in middle-aged ontogenical stage of Cytisus scoparius L. in guinea pig

Methology: In this experimental study, 9 guinea pigs from hartly stirps were randomly selected and divided into three equal groups. Plant extracts were prepared with 16% concentration and injected intraperitoneally to guinea pigs.The first group was considered as negative control [injected with phosphate buffered saline]. The second and the third groups received petal extract and petal + stamen extract respectively. In addition intraperitoneal injections within 4 weeks, once per week, subcutaneous injection was performed in the fifth week. Finally, a week after the last injection was taken blood sampling directly from the heart of animals, and the number of eosinophils, immunoglobulin E and blood sugar levels were measured in experimental groups and analyzed data

Results: Skin test [Created wheal diameter] and serological tests [levels of immunoglobulin E, eosinophils, and blood glucose] in both groups treated with Cytisus scoparius L. significantly increased compared to controls. Electrophoretic profiles was observed about 4 protein bands [2 light protein bands and 2 pale protein bands] in the range of 27 to 85 kD in the middle-aged petal and about 6 more specific protein bands in the range of 10 to 75 kD in middle-aged petal whit stamen proteins

Conclusion: The results showed that petal of ontogenical stage of middle-aged in Cytisus scoparius have allergenicity property and and this effect is exacerbated when they are together with stamens

[ role of minocycline on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat]

Minocycline is an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug. In addition, its neuroprotective effects have been shown. Since there is interaction between cell death and seizure, the aim of this study is examination of the role of minocycline on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat. In this experimental study, three groups of animals [18 rats], after stereotaxic surgery and 1-week recovery period, received twice daily kindling stimulations. In fully kindled animals of groups 1-3, minocycline was injected intraperitoneally in doses 12.5 [n = 7], 25 [n = 5] and 50 [n = 6] mg/kg, respectively, 60 minutes before stimulation. After discharge duration [ADD], stage 4 latency [S4L], Stage 5 Duration [S5D] and Seizure Duration [SD] were recorded and compared with related control groups [the same animals that had received saline 1 day before]. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to represent a significant difference. In fully kindled animals who had received minocycline [50 and 25 mg/kg], ADD decreased significantly. When minocycline was delivered, S5D decreased 38.3% [p < 0.001], 34% [p < 0.05], and 100% [p < 0.001] in 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg group animals, respectively. S4L and SD parameters respectively increased and decreased significantly only in group 50 mg/kg. According to the obtained results, it may be concluded that in fully kindled rats, application of minocycline has anticonvulsant effect on kindling model of epilepsy

[ effect of low-frequency electrical stimulation on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat]

Low-frequency stimulation [LFS] [< 5 Hz] is a suitable approach for treating seizures caused by epilepsy. Different patterns of LFS have different effects on epileptic seizures. Since no LFS pattern has so far been determined to have the best efficacy in seizure quenching, this study investigated the effect of 60-min application of LFS on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat. In this experimental study, two groups of animals [14 rats] received twice-daily kindling stimulations after stereotactic surgery and a 1-week recovery period. In group 1 [n=6], fully kindled animals received daily kindling stimulations for four days, while in group 2 [n=8], kindled animals received LFS [1 Hz, 0.1 ms pulse duration, ½ afterdischarge threshold intensity] four times [in 24-hour intervals] exactly before kindling stimulations. Afterdischarge duration [ADD], stage 2 latency [S2L], stage 4 latency [S4L], and stage 5 duration [S5D] were recorded and compared with related control groups [the same animals that had received only kindling stimulation]. Data was analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's test for within-group comparisons and Student's t-test for between-group comparisons. The first LFS application resulted in a significant increase of S2L and S4L by 91.5% [p < 0.05] and 79.5% [p < 0.01] compared with control group, respectively. Four-day consecutive LFS applications decreased S5D significantly, so that the first LFS application decreased S5D by 100% [p < 0.001]. In the first 2 days of LFS application, ADD decreased significantly by 46.9% and 40.4% [p < 0.05], respectively, relative to control. The results suggest that LFS application immediately before seizure initiation has anticonvulsant effects

[ determination of bio-kinetic coefficients of crude oil Biodegradation using pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria]

Oil pollution can be generated as a result of spillage, leakage, discharge, exploration, production, refining, transport and storage of crude oil and fuels in the environment. Consequently, many researchers have developed and studied the chemical, physical and biological methods to degrade crude oil. Among them, the biological treatments are the most interesting as they are simple and economical methods. The aim of this study was to determine biokinetic coefficients of crude oil degradation by pseudomonas aerogenusa. This microorganism was isolated in our previous work. In this study the bio-kinetic coefficients of crude oil biodegradation were evaluated. Pseudomonas aerogenusa bacteria which had been isolated from the soil sample taken from a gas station in our previous work were used in this study. This microorganism was cultured in the liquid medium containing crude oil as sole carbon source. Finally with determining the amount of microorganisms and crude oil concentration during biodegradation process, the bio-kinetic coefficients based on modified Monod equation were calculated. Bio-kinetic coefficients obtained from laboratory studies are vital factors in industrial applications. As a result, the bio-kinetic study was performed to find bio-kinetic coefficients for biodegradation of crude oil using the isolated bacteria. The results showed that,Y, k and were equal 0.107, 0.882, 9.39 and 169.3 respectively. Our results showed that Pseudomonas aerogenusa is usable for treatment of oily wastewaters in the full scale facility. Results of this study indicated bio kinetics confections

[Biodegradation of aromatic compounds in crude oil by isolated microorganisms from environment]

Oil pollutions are one of the most important environmental problems worldwide that researchers have tried different methods for its degradation. In this regards biological methods attracted the attention of the researchers more than other methods. The main objective of this study was to find microorganisms that could degrade aromatic components in the floating crude oil. In order to find such microorganisms, some samples were taken from areas contaminated by petroleum compounds. Microorganisms that could live with crude oil as sole carbon source were isolated. From these samples 14 microorganisms isolated which all were bacteria. The variations of aromatic compounds concentration were measured by gas chromatography method. Among 14 microorganisms that called A-3 and A-14 had more ability and degraded the aromatic components 89% and 86% respectively. By microbiological techniques it was found that A-14 is pseudomonas aerogenusa. The results of this study showed that biodegradation of aromatic compounds that are one of the most toxic materials in crude oil are possible. Also indicated that some oil-degrading microorganisms exist in the nature that do not need to adaptation for biodegradation of oily compounds

Prevalence of dyspepsia and its correlation with demographic factors and lifestyle in Shiraz, Southern Iran

Dyspepsia is a common disorder that can present many clinical dilemmas in patient management. Although not life-threatening, the symptoms are long-lasting, interfere with daily activities and have a significant impact upon quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of dyspepsia and its relationship with demographic and socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle in an apparently healthy population in Shiraz, southern Iran. In a population-based study, 1978 subjects aged 35 years or older were interviewed from April to September 2004. A questionnaire consisting of demographic factors, lifestyle data and gastrointestinal symptoms was completed for each participant. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined. The prevalence of dyspepsia was 29.9%. The dyspeptic patients were classified as having ulcer-like [27.9%], dysmotility-like [26.2%] or unspecified dyspepsia [45.9%]. The prevalence was higher in females, water-pipe smokers, NSAIDs users, and in those with psychological distress, recurrent headache, anxiety, nightmares and past history of gastrointestinal disease. Dyspepsia had an inverse relationship with consumption of pickles, fruits and vegetables, and with duration of meal ingestion. Subjects with dyspepsia symptoms were more likely to restrict their diet, take herbal medicine, use over-the-counter drugs, consult with physicians and consume medication advised by their friends. This study reveals that dyspepsia has a high prevalence in Shiraz, southern Iran and is associated with several demographic factors, lifestyle and health-seeking behavior

[Treatment of early childhood caries: a literature review]

Restoration of severely damaged primary anterior teeth by early childhood caries is a challenge for clinicians. Due to pernicious nature of this condition, immediate and definitive treatment has been advocated in order to prevent further tooth destruction. It is important to preserve the integrity of natural primary dentition until the expected exfoliation time. The aim of this study was to review all suggested restorative techniques as well as their success rate in treatment of decayed maxillary anterior teeth. Aside from initial hand searching, all published studies after 1990 were identified by searching Medline, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Iran-medex, Google and scholar databases using "bottle caries, early childhood caries, treatment of nursing caries, children caries". For intra-canal retention of severely decayed primary teeth, resin composites, reinforced fiber, fiber glass, treated post, nickel chromium cast post with macroretentive element, can be used. A variety of restorative materials and technique are available for restoring primary anterior teeth such as atraumatic restoration, sandwich technique, stainless steel crown, open-face crown, pre-veneered S.S.C, bicarbonate crown, resin composite crown, biologic crown and strip crown. However, due to lack of supporting clinical data, none of these crowns can be determined as superior to others. Choosing many alternative treatment plans available to repair carious primary anterior teeth, the operator need to consider several factors such as, size and location of lesion, parental esthetic demands, child's attitude and behavior, moisture and hemorrhage control. These are variables that ultimately affect the treatment outcome

Comparing efficacy and side effects of Pd grastim and neupogen for prevention of neutropenia after chemotherapy in children

G-CSF is one of the new medications that may reduce duration and severity of neutropenia after chemotherapy. Two forms of G-CSF are now available in Iran: Neupogen [original form], and new production of Iran named Pd-Grastin. We decided to compare the efficacy and side effects of these two forms of the drug. Absolute Neutrophil count [ANC], total WBC, platelet count [on the 15th day of chemotherapy], and event of fever and neutropenia in this period, were measured after 60 courses of chemotherapy and 4 days of G-CSF, in two separate but the same patients groups, Pd-Grastim [group 1] and Neupogen [group 2]. Mean values of WBC count, ANC, and platelet count were similar [P.V.>0.05]. No significant difference was observed for episodes of neutropenia [ANC <500], event of fever and neutropenia, and days of hospitalization between these groups. Effectiveness and also side effects of Pd-Grastin and Neupogen were similar. Lower cost of Pd-Grastim was the only significant difference between these two forms of G-CSF. Pd-Grastim may be preferred to Neupogen in Iran, because of the same effectiveness but lower cost